Impact – How much or how little do you notice?

It seems that the most effective influencer in the UK is a magician / hypnotist / entertainer Mr Derren Brown. If you've ever seen Mr Brown's live show, even the untrained eye can notice that his approach is a powerful blend of tricks, sleight of hand, misdirection, and a model of time. Twin these with a charming personality, and there you have it – convincing magic!

If you do not see Mr Brown in action, just type his name on YouTube and you're bound to enjoy. Butnot everyone wants to be the type of Derren Brown influencer and persuader. And it's a good thing. But we all have situations at home, at work and on the street where we want to or actually have an impact on another human being, or even groups of people were to start to do something or stop doing something, do something more or do less. Indeed, if no one under the influence of anyone else – nothing will happen.

Are you aware of how individuals, governments, businesses andgroups that influence? You may be in some cases, maybe not on others. I have detailed below a number of situations where we are being influenced, perhaps unconsciously, or perhaps because we pay so little attention or place so little value to influence the initiative – we strive to adhere.

You're too good to be dressed beggar

I just returned from a family holiday in Nice, France. Each evening plenty of tourists to explore the beautiful "OldTown 'area of the city to enjoy the architecture, street entertainment which extends music to martial arts. But one thing that really stood out was the fact that 'beggars' who persecuted unsuspecting tourists for money – they were all very well groomed and very well dressed.

'Team' male beggars radio Palais de Justice Square, where thousands of tourists passed through hundreds of cafes and restaurants to enjoy. Each 'beggar' had a transparent plastic cup, whichthey would shake their next target closer (so target could hear the sound of money and thus be encouraged to contribute). But who are they target every time? Females – women on their own, females in the group, but ultimately no males were the target. Why not? Perhaps because women perceived to be aligned, the beggar can flirt a little and maybe because the response of the male would be more open, less friendly and more aggressive. See what they have done beggars?They choose their target market, put their own money in plastic cups to imply that other passers-by were kind enough to contribute (in their next Armani clothes shopping) so you should.

There is a lesson here. If you're going to ask – do not dress, look or smell like you've just got ready for her first date with a beautiful super-model! It just does not fit the profile.

Restaurant Bait

Again, and you'll have experienced this inmore holiday destinations around the world. Restaurants and bars by spot or two of their team on a street just outside the Hostelry to attract potential customers. But why do they always choose to hire a beautiful in-shape and often blonde (natural or bottle) for this role? Have you ever seen spotty, greasy hair, ginger plump lady – or a male in this position? No way. Why not? Since the owners of restaurants and cafe understand that, where the family goes, it isusually the father / man who will keep paying for a meal and drink – and will probably enjoy the 'sights' too, as well as enjoying the food. You just got affected and it cost you a bundle!

Supermarket Sweep

Why buy the 'Special Offers 2-4-1 "in the supermarket so often? Since there is a better value than simply buying one item you really wanted. It's like, 'If I do not buy it now, I'll lose out. But how can we really 'lost' byBuy something that is not really necessary, just wanted to? Supermarket boss to use a fantastic, maybe sometimes even unethical, to influence the strategy of influencing the buyer must just keep on shopping. Even when it comes to billing, sweets, chocolates and other snacks are not there to be helpful – they really do have an opportunity for you to impulse buy a product, or worse yet, get your kids to pester you to buy something for them . I would not have been oh souncomfortable for you if your kid / s caused a scene in front of so many other people in charge?

Amsterdam Airport is the best idea

You've heard it over the airport speaker system. "Will Mr. Williams is flying to Dubai with Emirates, please board immediately as a flight ready to depart ?'… should follow a few minutes later, "Will Mr. Williams is flying to Dubai with Emirates, please board immediately as a flight ready to depart? '

See what happenshere? Apparently an important message, with implications for the traveler – missing his flight and the airline – is missing the slot and potential delays in addition, becomes increasingly important for passengers and there are no consequences for him. Now, imagine if you Mr Williams for a moment and you're flying from Amsterdam's airport Schippol. It is a term used, and it creates a very different impact.

"Will Mr. Williams is flying to Dubai with Emirates, please Committeeimmediately or your luggage will be off loaded from the flight? "See the difference? If you are Mr. Williams, who will feel the difference – emotionally and perhaps financially too. This message brings a sense of urgency, a sense of responsibility and feeling as a result of Mr. Williams has no control over the airline to close the door without him.

- Low cost airlines – the devil is in the details … and your Visa card Bill

So, your flight ticket fromLeeds to Paris is only £ 5 each way. Fantastic, we need to go!

You go online, choose your flights and everything looks good. Until that is, you want to take the luggage, one piece of every store in the hold. £ 20 to £ 30 each ticket. And you must register on-line as a carrier does not employ staff to do it at the airport …. DUH! so that it will cost you over £ 5 each, every time. So that is another 20 pounds creep its way on my Visa card. Oh, you want to pay by visa or debit card?This is a 2% charge for the entire transaction please. But I have a question about the book, I'd better call the airlines' customer service "number. Oops, we can not tell you that it's not just the number 0870, it costs up to £ 1 per minute … and this includes the time it takes for the U.S. to tell you that you are wrong, try to sell more of our products and services not only the time you've addressed one of our staff.

See what happened? You've been influenced to purchasebecause they feel obligated. Of course, they are not mandatory as we reserve the right not to travel or choose another airline, but it affects the psychology of "I must be consistent if want to travel. Some called influence, while others might call it fraud!

Lessons? Start to notice how you can influence who is affected and you retain the right to choose not to comply. You may live to regret it if you do not.

Negotiate Credit Card Debt Settlement – Negotiation strategies help you reduce your debt

Turn on your radio or television, and chances are you'll hear ads for companies that will negotiate the settlement credit card debt for you. The reality is, however, that you can do on your own, and should at least try to negotiate to reduce debt payments, before turning to one of these companies.

While some of the companies offering these services can be legitimate and useful, there are many that are scams just out to get as much money from you beforethey close up and move to the next town. Many of these companies you will be very much up front fees ($ 1000 or more) just to start the negotiation process, a process they take a little controversial.

Chances are they will tell you to start sending them money, pay bills and stop altogether. The theory of the creditors will start to get desperate to return some cash, and will negotiate the settlement agreement. If this is the way you decide to take, why paysomeone $ 1,000 or more to do when you can do on your own?

That said, here are some tips you can use to negotiate a settlement or a reduced payment plan on your own:

Staying calm and Professional – If you have any paying any amount on your debt, then your initial request to the settlement will likely fall on deaf ears. A creditor has a limited incentive at this point to accept less money as payment history means that the funds available. It'smost likely you will deal with collection calls often, and that callers are able to cause an emotional reaction from you. These interviews were all recorded, so it is best to remain calm and professional in any conversation.

Explain your situation and willingness to cooperate – to be honest and candid regarding payments situation will go a long way in building a working relationship with its creditors. They are much more willing to work withsomeone who wants to work a legitimate job and is professional in approach.

Do you understand your rights – If you're dealing with credit card debt, we know that it is likely that debt unsecured debt. So, there is no collateral that can be invoked by creditors. In other words, you will not lose their houses or cars, because you are not able to pay their bills for credit cards. The only exception is the case, and even then is unlikely, if your credit card in the same bank as a mortgage orauto loans.

Dealing with creditors can be a painful process, and emotional stress can take feels overwhelming. However, do some homework, know your rights, and you can negotiate your own settlement plan without spending a fortune on outside help.

Emotions and Negotiation

Emotion in negotiation is a very common thing. However, many government negotiations indicate that the emotional a sign of weakness or the behavior of unsophisticated negotiator, some say that emotions must be suppressed. Although it is possible to control your emotions, it can be nearly impossible to hide from them. In fact, so would be really stupid, in my opinion.

Both positive and negative emotions are in negotiations. Positive emotionsincluding joy, pleasure, or relief. However, positive emotions can affect your thinking. It is possible to be "very happy" in the negotiations. For example, when you finally resolve the dispute that the agreement took months of meetings and heated discussions. In my own pleasure, you leave the office client giving "high fives" with their partners. Then it dawns on you: you left the meeting without getting a signed contract. Whoops, the job is done. Your emotions got the better ofyou.

Perhaps the more frequent negative emotions such as anger, jealousy, fear, remorse and guilt. Negative emotions can cloud your thinking. The phrase "seeing red" describes the physical reaction to anger, which includes high blood pressure and flushed cheeks. Anger and other negative emotions can be an obstacle to an agreement, some of these obstacles may seem insurmountable. Since the conflict shall not take away energy, attention, and productivity. Emotions are real and must bedealt with, or things will quickly come to a screeching halt.

When you are angry person, one way to handle the "time-out and cool off. Cool glass of water can help lower the temperature literally. Major challenge is to be aware of their own emotions and self regulate. It may be easier said than done. One way to tell if you're "too angry" to watch other people's reactions to your behavior. Ever notice how people back away, tightened lips, and turnhead when you're really angry? If the other party acts in this way, maybe you need to cool down.

When the other party is angry, simply bring the problem to their attention can help. By acknowledging their emotional state, you have confirmation of them and their feelings. You say: "You seem upset. Is it something I said or done?" This puts the focus on you and it is not. You may not know whether or not any cause of their anger, but what we know isthey are upset.

You might get a response like: "You bet I am upset and here's why …" Now is the time to relax and listen. Let them unload. When they do, it May be possible to simply continue where you left off and continue negotiations.

Other times it can really be something said or done, and they are very angry about it. By getting this information in the table, you will get a chance to react on the spot and explain the situation. Or, you can stopnegotiations and reschedule for another time. This will give you time to figure out what to do, but will give them time to cool down. Maybe the problem will lose its significance, allowing it to rest for a while.

Some people get angry just for the hell of it. Or, they put on a show to push their buttons, and it is negotiating tactic to throw you off guard. It is a tactic of aggressive negotiator, someone who cares little for the relationship. If this is the onlytactics, dealing with them will quickly cool their fire. It can be as simple as they hunt for their game. My experience is that it will set aside tactics after they get caught.

Normally, the anger expressed in the negotiation is not personal, but may feel that way. By probing May you find that the cause is something like the quality of your product or something that happened yesterday. Rarely is about you or something you did.

If you can not resolve this anger,Reprogramming May do the trick. But after a time-out may be that things are still blocked, if so, mediation may be required. Mediation is when a neutral third party facilitates dialogue with other parties that want a solution but it can not be achieved through negotiations. Sometimes the agency will focus on the emotions first. This may be all that is needed to resolve the dispute and shall continue negotiations.

Closing sales techniques through negotiation

It May sound surprising, but they are strong negotiators who act weak and negotiate. They are the ones who often takes time to analyze the proposals before making a decision, even on small details.

The most powerful negotiators even asked the time to check with your personnel or expertise, acting as if they were sure that any decisions yet. What they get from acting a bit weak is the opportunity to the affection people have been negotiatings.

It also reduces the intensity of competition work, which can often lead to other side to admit their weaknesses and give in to your proposition.

However, if you are going to act weak, to make sure you pull this off when the discussion is far from their expertise. For example, can act weak, while talking about how shipping and taxes to be paid, but you can not act weak and giving suggestions on pricing and product orServices included. Powerful negotiators may also entice other hand, giving a substitute measurement when talking about prices or money in general. For example, instead of specifying the actual interest rate items, they would have a percentage for the exact amount.

Another good example is those who sell a lot. They would square feet with prices instead of giving the exact price of land, since it gives the impression cheaper.

Finally, after all the work thatand will go through, be sure to congratulate the other side. Acknowledge their skill in negotiating, even though you are really poor and land a job on your side is an advantage. In this way, you will be able to maintain long term relationships since it would feel to win negotiations. Just make sure you avoid being sarcastic, while congratulating the other side it will completely will go the other way around.

To detect lies during the negotiations, Read Body Language

Liars holiday speaks during the negotiations. During the negotiations, people rarely reveal the full truth. Some seemed to have been perceived as not speaking the whole truth, and the second state, one not expected to reveal their positions during negotiations complete. Surprisingly, most negotiators are not considered as lying or deceitful when both change the truth, or not display it all.

If you want to be more consistent as you can detect when someoneLies and gain more knowledge about the decipherment of unspoken words and gestures, and should become more astute in interpreting body language (nonverbal signal). You can increase your perceptiveness in negotiations at the table watching the body language of other negotiator during the negotiations. To gain insight into body language and gestures to gain insight into how to detect lies, please read below.

1st Facial expressions:

a. Eyes: When people lie, somedifficult time maintaining eye contact. Before sitting on the table of negotiations, to take note of how the other negotiator to communicate with their eyes. In particular, observe how long he maintains eye contact when you sense he is telling the truth and contrast to when it may be exaggerating.

b. Mouth: When negotiators alter the truth, some will keep their hands, either by mouth or close to it. Through this gesture, which shows that they are trying to keeptheir words back. They did it because the body never lies, words.

c. Ears: If negotiator note caressing your ears while making an offer or a counter-offer, he shows that he himself is not sure if he believes what is said to be true, or are afraid you'll have a suspension on trust.

2nd Reject the possible defeat of watching your feet.

a. During the face-to-face negotiations, follow the direction by another negotiator, the legs arepointing. His legs will give you insight into the thoughts of his heart. If the legs are directed toward you, through your body language, he shows that he is dealing with more than not, to be honest. As the legs start to turn away from you, so will his desire to separate from the conversation, meaning if it is an amendment of the truth.

3rd Observe what people do not want to talk.

a. If you are met with hesitation when asking questions, therecan be more than you get a response words to convey. Listening to how other negotiator responds to a question, you can get an insight into what it would be annoying. Gaining such knowledge, to gain perspective on whether he was trying not to disclose information, or if he's lying. In doing so, you may have cause to dig deeper into this topic.

4th Always be tricky to what keeps the value of the other negotiators.

a. If you know what has valuein the eyes of other negotiators (and do not have priority by accident or guess what holds the most value), you can estimate when you could lie to protect his position. In doing so, you can give the position of saying that valuable counter-offer. No matter if you change, remember how that other negotiator to work for their concessions. Also, keep in mind, to give the item value in part by showing respect for him. So when you make an offer, you can do it withdegree of pomp that such order should be.

Instead of their negotiations illuminated hope and perceptiveness to increase throughout life, and the table of negotiations, which is becoming increasingly adept at reading body language. Once you increase your knowledge of how to interpret body language, you'll be surprised at how perceptive you are in negotiations … and everything will be right with the world. Remember, you are always negotiated.

Negotiation TipsAre …

• In reading body language, can not exactly mark a gesture as a lie. First, establish a baseline. To establish a baseline, to observe the other negotiator in a gesture of nonthreatening environment.

· When making an offer or a counter-offer, the meter on the body language of the other negotiators value can be found on its offer.

· By be careful when negotiating over the phone, you can discover when you talk to lie. This will usually occur in the form offrom different rhythm to the other negotiator speech patterns.

Improve the skills of negotiation, use the Free Givebacks

Your bargaining position is stronger than you think. Here's why: every great work turns out a bunch of unheralded, behind the scenes, great activities that probably taken for granted. You just do them because your culture demands excellence. They are part of the foundation. You can walk past them without even noticing.

It's time to take notice. These are real advantages. Benefits. Golden bits of values known as the Free Givebacks. "Free", because you just do them, but neverresponsible for them.

Free Givebacks negotiation tools are great because you separate from each other.

I do a lot of on-site negotiation training as part of my job. There is a Free Givebacks interactive activity that is one of the most valuable and revealing aspects of training. Segment Two of the program is "aggressive preparation." I am not so long workshop for a client in Michigan. During the Free Exercise Givebacks identified 2 very strongadvantages: 1) 24-hour turnaround to meet and 2) a perfect 40 years history of quality. Their competition is not even close. This company is a supplier of higher priced premium products that enjoy …. dominant market share, but they were reminding their customers, suppliers and the scope of those benefits. They are now.

Our philosophy is to pursue negotiations, "I Grow" outcome in which both sides profit. And while the negotiations are not competing, they arecompetitive by nature. There's nothing wrong with honestly and effectively touting your free Givebacks … because if not, nobody else will.

Whether you are looking for a positive conclusion that perceived negativity in the negotiations

Perceived negativity occurs in every negotiation, but it is negatively perceived negativity in the negotiations? It need not be. Perceived negativity does not arise in all talks. If that happens, you nor the other negotiators negotiate effectively. When the perceived negativity going on in your negotiations, how to control and what tactics do you employ to do so. Consider the following situation and options embedded in them.

1st If youfeel outnumbered and threatened, to consider ways in which you could benefit from it. As an example, if you live in an environment where people can smoke and you can not prevent them from it, you might consider that a cigarette at hand and selling them at marked price. Grant is a problem preventing them from smoking would not be solved, but at least you'd get from their financial disagreement ways. In fact, in their negotiations when you encounter negativity, seeking ways tolemons and turn them into lemonade.

2nd Hypothetically, you have three Picasso paintings in the world. When viewing a picture, someone accidentally slips. While trying to catch his balance, and they rip one of the paintings. One way to view this phenomenon from the perspective that one of your images has lost its value. Another way to see it from the perspective of the other two Picassos that are now worth more. In your negotiations, the framework of a negative situationappear in their best light. Negativity does not need to be viewed as negative, unless you speak the perspective of her position. If it does not serve its position, to emphasize the positive.

3rd Negativity in the negotiations can be useful, but only to the extent that it is felt. If you stress the potential negative outcome from the perspective of how the other negotiator, will be impaired if it happens, and it can not "feel" or experience that negativity, it will not be acceptedthe same level of 'realism' as if they occurred. When talking about the negativity, if you want to highlight the potential collapse of not taking a path over another, or resolving the situation in relation to the first later, cite 'real life' experiences that are the most shocking outcome to reinforce his point. How to enrich your point, verbally paints horrible images that are reprehensible as you can recall.

Remember as you negotiate your mental perception of control is negative and thatwhich is positive. So, if the negative perception of control over the negotiations and focus on the outcome you are looking for, you can frame and flow control negotiation. After you become proficient at it, you'll begin to see the perceived deficiencies in a new light. You May even get to appreciate and look for perceived negative situation in the negotiations, because you know how to use this situation to help you in your efforts … and everything will be right withworld.

Negotiation Tips Are …

· When bargaining, as in all stages of life, negativity starts in your mind. During the negotiations on entry into the perceived negative situation and thinking that they prefer to conceal. So, you can be surprised by revealing a diamond that first appeared in the coal.

· When you negotiate, and you're beset by negativity, presenting a balanced nature. Can not complain about the negativity to the extent that youleave it to you, "your game". As cliché advises, "Never let them see the sweat.

• In negotiations, you reach a milestone by achieving a mile-beach. Be persistent in trying to achieve its goal of your negotiations and do not be afraid of the negativity.

Proposals to promote effective Cross-Cultural Business Negotiations

It is quite common to the workplace today is becoming more and more culturally diverse with the globalization of world economy. There comes the need to promote effective cross-cultural communication. Business people from different cultures often work together for a given purpose. Among them, some are working harmoniously and become partners in their collaboration later, unfortunately, some business and then leave, and still some are reluctant or even refuse to worktogether.

In fact, as a businessman, we should learn to work in a culturally diverse environment. Only in this way it will be possible for us to expand our business and make it prosperous and to become a truly international business people. In order to promote effective cross-cultural communication work? Some proposals will be discussed.

One proposal for more effective communication is given to understanding and cultural background ofpartners from other countries. Each nation has its own culture, and each culture has its own system of beliefs, values, attitudes, norms of behavior and ways of handling things, which people share the same culture. People bring along with their culture and keep their cultural norms. Muslims do not eat pork, and they are for the month of Ramadan every year, people in India do not eat beef. We should attach importance to these differences in order to accommodate themappropriately. In a word, we should respect their culture. Managers should allow staff to take their Muslim festival holiday, while their special customs should be respected.

In some cultures, people need more private space. This is attributed to their individualism, and we should respect their habit and in an appropriate way to arrange a seat before the meeting. Generally speaking, Westerners need more personal space than Easterners. When two Westerners together, theykeep the distance, which is considered the distance from the east. Personal space in western countries, he stressed. May they feel nervous and move away when this space is invaded.

Business people should try to learn other cultures and respect each other, neglect or ignorance, or even the invasion of one culture can lead to trouble and loss or even failure of the business.

Why Ground rules between the parties are important

Negotiations between the two sides go smoothly, if the rules were adopted in the country. Then, if something goes wrong at a later time, you can highlight the ground rule that was violated.

There are two types of rules: 1) The ground rules for negotiations between the parties and 2) the ground rules for the negotiating team itself. This article is about 1) The ground rules for negotiations between the parties.

Ground rules

1st Preparation: Logisticsshould be discussed at the first session

A. Location: Sometimes both parties can agree to meet in the same location for all meetings. In some cases, location is showing the power and the parties may insist that a meeting will be held at the Union Hall and next to City Hall. Some May want to meet at a neutral site.

Table B. The set-up: It can be very important. In Paris in 1967 Peace Talks on Vietnam War, it was a month-long debate on the size and shapenegotiating table. North wanted a circular table and the South wanted a rectangular table. The topic is not about the table itself, but of respect and saving face and how to set the stage for negotiations.

C. Number of negotiators: You may need to limit the number of negotiators. Regardless of the number should be the same for both parties.

D. Starting time and length of sessions.

If there is no specific time such as 14:00 to 16:00, there is a tendency to fillvacuum time, especially if employees are on teams to watch. Of course, if things go well, you can move on time to close some articles, but this does not help keep things on target.

2nd There will be an agenda for each meeting.

It gives shape and structure of the meeting and everyone knows what is expected. I prefer to prepare it yourself so you can control what is on the agenda.

3rd There will be only one spokesperson for each team, a spokesman for theonly one who will negotiate and accept and reject proposals.

4. Everyone will speak with civility and there will be no profanity. One person will speak at a time and no one will be interrupted.

You would think this would not be necessary, but I have been to negotiations where four letter words were used, tempers flared, and voices were raised. I have found it helpful to step back and calmly say that Rule #3 has been broken and remind the parties why we are here. Then I also mention it again at the next meeting.

5. Give specific deadlines: Otherwise parties will come up with new proposals at the end of negotiations.

A. All proposals will be submitted by the fourth meeting

B. Topics to be negotiated will be selected by the second meeting

6. Either party can call a caucus whenever it wishes, but it will let the other party know if it will last more than 30 minutes.

This allows either party to meet on its own to respond to proposals. By giving an estimated time, the other party can decide whether to wait or do something else.

7. Both parties agree to exchange information and comply with reasonable requests for information. The party requesting the information agrees to pay reasonable reproduction costs.

8. Cell phones will not be brought to the negotiations. If one needs to make a phone call, a request for a break will be made.

9. The parties agree to discuss and confirm the date of their next negotiation session at the close of every session.

Setting the ground rules at the first session helps to set the tone for the negotiations. The parties know what is expected and the negotiations are more professional.

Culture and Negotiating Style

Culture and negotiation style can take a form that is recognizable and comfortable, or they can be just as cordial in the opposite direction from what we used to. A key influence on the acceptance of a new style of business behavior to understand that the world is wide and varied place, with each continent holds his civilities and business practices in line with its culture and traditions.

One of the main issues with the culture and style of negotiation canbe viewed in the orientation in space, time lines for a meeting or event, male and female roles, whether directly or persons unknown, and a series on non-verbal communication that sets the tone for a meeting or conference. A person who wants to do good business with the global community needs to realize that each culture will bring their own unique qualities to the table and should be shown proper respect to their way of doing things. Whether you are involved withJapanese, European, African, Latin or North America representative, be sure to watch their cues and try to mirror them out of respect.

One of the simplest signal can follow the spatial orientation, or simply put, the distance between speaker and listener. North's territorial area is about 18 inches from face to face. However, culture in Greece and Italy tend to be more comfortable using the space and pull a closer range. While this can be consideredinsults, and perhaps even challenging the United States, the European vantage point is one of friendship and trust.

Time-oriented negotiations the best example, during a meeting, depicting the events fall into one of two categories: "poly" or the execution of events in consultation with the flexibility to the needs of students at the table. Meeting of the holiday will be a problem when necessary, the people at the table can speak freely and contribute to, and perhaps a lack ofsolid starting and ending time for the event.

On the other hand, the "mono" negotiation techniques will set forth strict rules and regulations as are declared starting and finishing point for meetings, a break is issued as planned, one person talking at the same time, raise your hands to be heard and sour attitude toward those who come late to the event. Mono style can best be defined as "corporate America", however, during a trip overseas, that its primaryable to relax and bend a bit to the host country cultural differences.

The human race does not belong to one category of personality, and you must remember that each of us as individual as our fingerprints. Business events are held around the world will bring a new set of standards to adapt to and appreciate, and must be approached with an open mind. When an individual feels or she was slighted, either real or imaginary, which may set the tone for the failure of communication.Instead, set your own culture and tradition on its side and dare to try something new. And remember that there is no official standard of human behavior when it comes to culture and negotiation. Show yourself approved and follow the lead of the host.